What does the principle of estoppel prevent an individual from doing?

The principle of estoppel acts as a legal barrier preventing an individual from asserting something that contradicts their previous actions, statements, or circumstances. It is rooted in the ideas of fairness and justice, ensuring that individuals cannot change their position to the detriment of others who have relied on their earlier conduct or declarations. This principle is especially relevant in legal contexts, such as contracts and insurance, where parties expect consistency.

For example, if a person previously indicated they would not pursue a claim and others based their actions on that statement, they cannot later claim the opposite and pursue the claim. This helps maintain trust and reliance in agreements and statements made.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the specific focus of estoppel. Making false statements about property may involve fraud, obtaining benefits through legal loopholes addresses issues of legality rather than the consistency of claims, and changing an insurance policy involves terms and conditions of the contract rather than the reliance on past statements or actions.